Volcanic Eruption of Hayli Gubbi, Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Research Report

Abstract

The eruption of the Hayli Gubbi volcano in Ethiopia marked a significant geological and humanitarian event within the East African Rift System. This research examines the causes, characteristics, and impacts of the eruption, highlighting its effects on local communities, the environment, and the regional economy. The findings show that tectonic plate divergence, magma pressure buildup, and seismic activity were the primary geological drivers behind the eruption. The disaster disrupted pastoral livelihoods, damaged ecosystems, contaminated water sources, and caused widespread displacement. The report also evaluates the government and humanitarian response, noting both the strengths and gaps in emergency management. The role of science and technology—particularly satellite imaging, seismic monitoring, and remote sensing—is discussed as a crucial element in understanding volcanic hazards. The study concludes that improved early-warning systems, enhanced infrastructure, and community-based risk reduction strategies are essential for strengthening long-term resilience in Ethiopia’s volcanic regions.